Speculation Rules let you tell Chrome to prefetch or prerender pages a user is likely to visit. Add a <script type="speculationrules"> with a JSON config and Chrome will warm up the navigation in the background.
Prerender goes further than prefetch — the entire page is built and ready, so the click navigation appears instantaneous. Use it carefully: prerendered pages count as visits in some analytics setups.
Currently Chrome-only, but it is a no-cost progressive enhancement: browsers that do not understand the script ignore it.